Inventaire d'enquêtes Demostaf

The author offers an analysis of the relationship between the discourses of western science, religion and tradition, in the teaching of two African countries who do not share the same affiliations and beliefs. Senegal is officially of French-speaking language and predominantly Muslim. Rwanda, where the official language of education has been English since 2009, is of mostly Christian population. Taking support on the sociology of translation and Foucault’s concept of device, the article deals with the strategic actions which develop the device and show that the latter may be separated from the institution. Local truths are not only variations of a global truth. Different definitions of fairness coexist in the analyzed societies, but fail to reduce each other. (English)